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California criminal charge

Unlawfully causing a fire in California

Current through 2026 California legislative session

Unlawfully causing a fire is a criminal offense under California law, defined by Cal. Penal Code § 452. Its classification is not fixed: California assigns a different penalty class depending on the circumstances of the offense. The class that applies — and the sentencing range that follows from it — depends on which statutory variant fits the facts.

Defined by Cal. Penal Code § 452.

How is unlawfully causing a fire classified in California?

The classification depends on the circumstances:

Classification variants for Unlawfully causing a fire
VariantClassificationWhen it appliesStatute
Unlawfully causing a fire causing great bodily injuryFelonyApplies when unlawfully causing a fire causes great bodily injury to a person.Cal. Penal Code § 452(a)
Unlawfully causing a fire of an inhabited structure or inhabited propertyFelonyApplies when unlawfully causing a fire causes an inhabited structure or inhabited property to burn.Cal. Penal Code § 452(b)
Unlawfully causing a fire of a structure or forest landFelonyApplies when unlawfully causing a fire causes a structure or forest land to burn.Cal. Penal Code § 452(c)
Unlawfully causing a fire of propertyMisdemeanorApplies when unlawfully causing a fire of property, excluding burning one's own personal property unless it injures another person or another's structure, forest land, or property.Cal. Penal Code § 452(d)

Common questions about unlawfully causing a fire in California

Can unlawfully causing a fire be charged as a felony or a misdemeanor in California?

It depends on the circumstances: unlawfully causing a fire ranges from a misdemeanor to a felony in California under Cal. Penal Code § 452. Offenses chargeable either way are commonly called wobblers; under Cal. Penal Code § 17(b), the prosecutor's charging decision and later court action determine how the offense is treated.

Unlawfully causing a fire causing great bodily injury: felony (Cal. Penal Code § 452(a)) · Unlawfully causing a fire of an inhabited structure or inhabited property: felony (Cal. Penal Code § 452(b)) · Unlawfully causing a fire of a structure or forest land: felony (Cal. Penal Code § 452(c)) · Unlawfully causing a fire of property: misdemeanor (Cal. Penal Code § 452(d))

Which California statute covers unlawfully causing a fire?

Unlawfully causing a fire is governed by Cal. Penal Code § 452.

Legal terms used in this law

This reference is informational and is not legal advice. Penalty ranges are the statutory classification ranges; sentencing in a specific case depends on its facts and history.