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New jersey criminal charge

Unauthorized practice of immigration law; penalties in New jersey

Current through 2026 New Jersey legislative session

Unauthorized practice of immigration law; penalties is a criminal offense under New jersey law, defined by N.J.S.A. 2C:21-31. Its classification is not fixed: New jersey assigns a different penalty class depending on the circumstances of the offense. The class that applies — and the sentencing range that follows from it — depends on which statutory variant fits the facts.

Defined by N.J.S.A. 2C:21-31.

What is the penalty for unauthorized practice of immigration law; penalties in New jersey?

Penalties for Unauthorized practice of immigration law; penalties
PenaltyRangeBasisAuthority
Jail / prisonup to 18 months (no statutory minimum) (Unlicensed practice of law by immigration consultant — An immigration consultant not licensed as an attorney who engages in the practice of law in this State.; first-offender presumption of non-incarceration may apply (2C:44-1(e), carve-outs))discretionaryN.J.S.A. 2C:43-6
Fineup to 10000 usd (no statutory minimum) (Unlicensed practice of law by immigration consultant — An immigration consultant not licensed as an attorney who engages in the practice of law in this State.; or up to double gain/loss (2C:43-3))discretionaryN.J.S.A. 2C:43-6
Jail / prison3 years to 5 years (Holding out as authorized to practice law/render legal services — An unlicensed immigration consultant holds himself out as entitled to practice law or render legal advice/services in an immigration or naturalization matter.; first-offender presumption of non-incarceration may apply (2C:44-1(e), carve-outs))presumptiveN.J.S.A. 2C:43-6
Fineup to 15000 usd (no statutory minimum) (Holding out as authorized to practice law/render legal services — An unlicensed immigration consultant holds himself out as entitled to practice law or render legal advice/services in an immigration or naturalization matter.; or up to double gain/loss (2C:43-3); offense-specific ceilings may exceed)discretionaryN.J.S.A. 2C:43-6
Jail / prison3 years to 5 years (Assuming/advertising title of lawyer or attorney-at-law — An unlicensed immigration consultant assumes, uses, or advertises the title of lawyer or attorney-at-law or equivalent terms implying licensure.; first-offender presumption of non-incarceration may apply (2C:44-1(e), carve-outs))presumptiveN.J.S.A. 2C:43-6
Fineup to 15000 usd (no statutory minimum) (Assuming/advertising title of lawyer or attorney-at-law — An unlicensed immigration consultant assumes, uses, or advertises the title of lawyer or attorney-at-law or equivalent terms implying licensure.; or up to double gain/loss (2C:43-3); offense-specific ceilings may exceed)discretionaryN.J.S.A. 2C:43-6
Jail / prisonup to 18 months (no statutory minimum) (Wrongful retention of immigration-related document — A person knowingly retains another's immigration-related document beyond a reasonable time after a written request for its return.; first-offender presumption of non-incarceration may apply (2C:44-1(e), carve-outs))discretionaryN.J.S.A. 2C:43-6
Fineup to 10000 usd (no statutory minimum) (Wrongful retention of immigration-related document — A person knowingly retains another's immigration-related document beyond a reasonable time after a written request for its return.; or up to double gain/loss (2C:43-3))discretionaryN.J.S.A. 2C:43-6

Applies to current.

How is unauthorized practice of immigration law; penalties classified in New jersey?

The classification depends on the circumstances:

Classification variants for Unauthorized practice of immigration law; penalties
VariantClassificationWhen it appliesStatute
Unlicensed practice of law by immigration consultantcrime of the fourth degreeAn immigration consultant not licensed as an attorney who engages in the practice of law in this State.N.J.S.A. 2C:21-31undefined
Holding out as authorized to practice law/render legal servicescrime of the third degreeAn unlicensed immigration consultant holds himself out as entitled to practice law or render legal advice/services in an immigration or naturalization matter.N.J.S.A. 2C:21-31undefined
Assuming/advertising title of lawyer or attorney-at-lawcrime of the third degreeAn unlicensed immigration consultant assumes, uses, or advertises the title of lawyer or attorney-at-law or equivalent terms implying licensure.N.J.S.A. 2C:21-31undefined
Wrongful retention of immigration-related documentcrime of the fourth degreeA person knowingly retains another's immigration-related document beyond a reasonable time after a written request for its return.N.J.S.A. 2C:21-31undefined

Common questions about unauthorized practice of immigration law; penalties in New jersey

What degree of offense is unauthorized practice of immigration law; penalties in New Jersey?

It depends on the circumstances: unauthorized practice of immigration law; penalties ranges from a crime of the fourth degree to a crime of the third degree in New Jersey under N.J.S.A. 2C:21-31.

Unlicensed practice of law by immigration consultant: crime of the fourth degree (N.J.S.A. 2C:21-31) · Holding out as authorized to practice law/render legal services: crime of the third degree (N.J.S.A. 2C:21-31) · Assuming/advertising title of lawyer or attorney-at-law: crime of the third degree (N.J.S.A. 2C:21-31) · Wrongful retention of immigration-related document: crime of the fourth degree (N.J.S.A. 2C:21-31)

What are the penalties for unauthorized practice of immigration law; penalties in New Jersey?

Penalties for unauthorized practice of immigration law; penalties in New Jersey depend on how it is classified — from a crime of the fourth degree up to a crime of the third degree — with the ranges set by N.J.S.A. 2C:43-6; the full table of ranges by variant is published on this page.

Which New Jersey statute covers unauthorized practice of immigration law; penalties?

Unauthorized practice of immigration law; penalties is governed by N.J.S.A. 2C:21-31 (Unauthorized practice of immigration law; penalties).

Legal terms used in this law

This reference is informational and is not legal advice. Penalty ranges are the statutory classification ranges; sentencing in a specific case depends on its facts and history.