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Virginia criminal charge

What constitutes an unlawful assembly in Virginia

Current through 2026 Virginia legislative session

What constitutes an unlawful assembly is a criminal offense under Virginia law, defined by Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-406. Its classification is not fixed: Virginia assigns a different penalty class depending on the circumstances of the offense. The class that applies — and the sentencing range that follows from it — depends on which statutory variant fits the facts.

Defined by Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-406.

What is the penalty for what constitutes an unlawful assembly in Virginia?

Penalties for What constitutes an unlawful assembly
PenaltyRangeBasisAuthority
Jail / prisonup to 12 months (Participation in unlawful assembly — Applies to any person who participates in an unlawful assembly, without carrying a weapon.)discretionaryVa. Code Ann. § 18.2-11
Fineup to $2,500 (Participation in unlawful assembly — Applies to any person who participates in an unlawful assembly, without carrying a weapon.; either or both with confinement (§ 18.2-11(a)))discretionaryVa. Code Ann. § 18.2-11
Jail / prison1 years to 10 years (Participation in unlawful assembly while armed — Applies if the person carried a firearm or other deadly or dangerous weapon while participating in the unlawful assembly.; or, at the discretion of the jury or the court trying the case without a jury, confinement in jail for not more than 12 months and a fine of not more than $2,500, either or both (§ 18.2-10(e)))discretionaryVa. Code Ann. § 18.2-10
Fineup to $2,500 (Participation in unlawful assembly while armed — Applies if the person carried a firearm or other deadly or dangerous weapon while participating in the unlawful assembly.; with the jail-confinement alternative under § 18.2-10(e))discretionaryVa. Code Ann. § 18.2-10

Applies to current.

How is what constitutes an unlawful assembly classified in Virginia?

The classification depends on the circumstances:

Classification variants for What constitutes an unlawful assembly
VariantClassificationWhen it appliesStatute
Participation in unlawful assemblyClass 1 MisdemeanorApplies to any person who participates in an unlawful assembly, without carrying a weapon.Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-406undefined
Participation in unlawful assembly while armedClass 5 FelonyApplies if the person carried a firearm or other deadly or dangerous weapon while participating in the unlawful assembly.Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-406undefined

Common questions about what constitutes an unlawful assembly in Virginia

Is what constitutes an unlawful assembly a felony or a misdemeanor in Virginia?

It depends on the circumstances: what constitutes an unlawful assembly ranges from a class 1 misdemeanor to a class 5 felony in Virginia under Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-406.

Participation in unlawful assembly: class 1 misdemeanor (Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-406) · Participation in unlawful assembly while armed: class 5 felony (Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-406)

What are the penalties for what constitutes an unlawful assembly in Virginia?

Penalties for what constitutes an unlawful assembly in Virginia depend on how it is classified — from a class 1 misdemeanor up to a class 5 felony — with the ranges set by Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-11 and Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-10; the full table of ranges by variant is published on this page.

Which Virginia statute covers what constitutes an unlawful assembly?

What constitutes an unlawful assembly is governed by Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-406 (What constitutes an unlawful assembly; punishment).

Legal terms used in this law

This reference is informational and is not legal advice. Penalty ranges are the statutory classification ranges; sentencing in a specific case depends on its facts and history.